European History - Was the French Revolution Preventable? :: European Europe History

Was the French Revolution Preventable? The French Revolution was a significant change of the general public and political arrangement of France, enduring from 1789 to 1799. Over the span of the Revolution, France was transformed from an outright government, to a republic of as far as anyone knows equivalent and free residents. The impacts of the French Revolution were far reaching, both inside and outside of France, and affected the entirety of Europe. On occasion the result of revolt prompted social change and now and again it just prompted superfluous slaughter. Was this upheaval inescapable? Was there something other than what's expected that the legislature or individuals could have done to forestall the loathsome outrages of The Reign of Terror under Robespierre and his men? There are clear social, financial and political changes that could have been made also keep this insurgency from happening when it did. Be that as it may, in spite of the fact that the administration could have deferred this insurgency, it was ad ditionally to some degree unavoidable, in view of the extraordinary contrasts in the general public of the workers and the aristocrats separated the whole society. The legislature was additionally simply attempting to make such a large number of things directly at an inappropriate time and this is the reason they might have not stayed away from the French Revolution. Monetarily, numerous progressions could have been made in the manner that would have forestalled such resentment emerging from the individuals. In any case, there are likewise a couple of issues that couldn't have been evaded. Financial decrease during the 1770s may have baffled some average in their ascent to influence and riches, and rising bread costs not long before the Revolution surely expanded disappointment among laborers and workers. France likewise experienced unforgiving monetary issues. Poor ranch gathers by ranchers hurt the economy, and exchange rules from the Middle Ages despite everything endure, making exchange troublesome. As of now, the hole between the rich and the poor was getting more noteworthy, with the poor getting less fortunate, and the rich getting more extravagant. A national bank was mysteriously absent, there was no paper money and when all is said in done, charges were getting more prominent for the laborers. In this monetarily tested society what coul d have been done to change these monetary issues from the earliest starting point? One of the serious issues that the administration ought to have managed quite a while in the past is the utilization of the assets that they had. Under rulers in the past, for example, Louis the XIV, poor financial choices were made. Louis the XIV didn't contribute shrewdly, he utilized significant assets in exchange and investigation causes that were not picking up the French anything, yet they kept on putting resources into.

Sodium Essay Example For Students

Sodium Essay Sodium, a shimmering white-metallic component ordered under the salt metals, has a nuclear number of 11 and a mass of about 23g. Sodium has been known since early occasions and was utilized by the individuals of Mesopotamia and Egypt to make glasses. Sodium is the 6th most regular component found on the earth, for the most part not found in nature however more frequently in mixes, for example, salt (NaCl). Its routinely found in mixes among dry lake beds, underground, and just as in ocean water in such places as: Belarus, China, France, Germany, India, Russia, Ukraine, United Kingdom, and the United States. Sodium conducts warmth and power without any problem. Without this component life couldn't exist. Each compound is utilized for a specific explanation. About 2.8% of the earths outside contains this component making it the 6th generally basic in the earths hull. It is a very synthetically dynamic component; whenever joined with water it will in general respond enthusiastically. Fo r instance, since sodium is such a risky component it must be maneuvered carefully and put away sealed shut importance without oxygen. Sodium was first removed into unadulterated structure in 1807 by an English physicist known as Sir Humphry Davy. At the point when it was first extricated into its unadulterated structure, he utilized the procedure of electrolysis where an electrical flow is gone through a liquid sodium compound, for example, sodium chloride. Numerous producers today despite everything use power to get sodium. Sodium is still exceptionally produced for some modern and business employments. It has business utilizes just as modern employments. From cleansers to composts, sodium is utilized to make water conditioners, materials, and is likewise used to mitigate stomach corrosive, sodium bicarbonate: a white crystalline pitifully basic salt NaHCO 3 utilized particularly in heating 1 powders, fire dousers, and medication. Picture takers use sodium thiosulphate: a hygrosco pic crystalline salt Na 2 S 2 O 3 utilized particularly as a fixing operator and a decreasing or fading specialist to fix photographic pictures on paper. Sodium in its unadulterated structure likewise has modern uses, for example, in impetus, which help in making engineered elastic. Sodium is joined with different metals to deliver titanium zirconium and numerous different synthetic concoctions. It is utilized in the assembling of tetraethyl lead and some force plants even use it in fluid structure to cool atomic reactors. Sodium fluoride is utilized to harm mice and bugs and furthermore for earthenware production. Sodium is additionally put to use as a manure, Chile salt pepper that is the compound sodium nitrate. Sodium is likewise an essential component in the body for the support of ordinary liquid parity and other mental capacities. Likewise, it is utilized in making fume lights. At long last subsequent to evaluating sodiums utilizes, we can reason that sodium is a flexible com ponent. Sodium and Potassium mixes are exceptionally comparative, so they can be fill in for one another. Both are utilized in the business yet for the most part sodium is utilized in light of the fact that it is more affordable. This mystery was found in 1789 by a French scientist named Nicholas Leblanc, who was making pop (NaCO) with normal table salt. Sodium is incredibly valuable and significant and is utilized in numerous mixes. Some physical properties of sodium are softening point: 98 C, breaking point: 883 C, thickness: .97g/cm, nuclear sweep: 0.157nm and it is a strong. In a conductivity test, sodium chloride went out to a solid electrolyte in correlation with mercuric chloride arrangement which ended up being a powerless electrolyte: an intensify that directs an electric flow in a fluid arrangement or in the liquid state. Sodium is created when liquid sodium chloride is electrolyzed. It is a salt metal fabricated for an enormous scope. So as to cause the metal sodium parti cles to must be diminished. Subsequent to inquiring about sodiums utilizes in regular day to day existence I reached the determination that sodium is a need and ought to be utilized cautiously. It is an economical and helpful component that ought not be messed with in light of the fact that it could cause a great deal harm to any person or thing. It very well may be utilized in different manners, so if sodium would not exist, life itself would be entirely unexpected. It is amazing that a component, for example, sodium can be exceptionally perilous and simultaneously .ub27816c368e383fc19fc10e04f2f46ac , .ub27816c368e383fc19fc10e04f2f46ac .postImageUrl , .ub27816c368e383fc19fc10e04f2f46ac .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ub27816c368e383fc19fc10e04f2f46ac , .ub27816c368e383fc19fc10e04f2f46ac:hover , .ub27816c368e383fc19fc10e04f2f46ac:visited , .ub27816c368e383fc19fc10e04f2f46ac:active { border:0!important; } .ub27816c368e383fc19fc10e04f2f46ac .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ub27816c368e383fc19fc10e04f2f46ac { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ub27816c368e383fc19fc10e04f2f46ac:active , .ub27816c368e383fc19fc10e04f2f46ac:hover { haziness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ub27816c368e383fc19fc10e04f2f46ac .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .ub27816c368e383fc19fc10e04f2f46ac .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .ub27816c368e383fc19fc10e04f2f46ac .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ub27816c368e383fc19fc10e04f2f46ac .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content adornment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub27816c368e383fc19fc10e04f2f46ac:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ub27816c368e3 83fc19fc10e04f2f46ac .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ub27816c368e383fc19fc10e04f2f46ac-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ub27816c368e383fc19fc10e04f2f46ac:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The Journey that Shaped My Life Essay

RackSpace vs AWS Cloud Storage Service Comparison 2020

RackSpace vs AWS Cloud Storage Service Comparison 2020 .elementor-19992 .elementor-element.elementor-element-19992{text-align:center}Last Updated on January 12, 2020 Disclosure As an independent review site, we get compensated if you purchase through the referral links or coupon codes on this page â€" at no additional cost to you. Dismiss alert However, each company has its strengths and weaknesses. Here, I’ll compare Rackspace and AWS, seeing how they stack up when it comes to price, speed, reliability, security, developer base, and customer service.Before I dive into the comparison, here are the basics on cloud storage, as well as the two companies.Table of Contents What is cloud storage?Cloud storage for small businessAWS: The industry leaderRackspace â€" A worthy competitorRackspace vs AWS: How they compare PricingSecurityUptime SpeedDeveloper baseWrapping it up: AWS vs RackspaceCompare the plans offered by Rackspace and AWSWhat is cloud storage?Traditional data storage involves keeping all of your information on one server. The problem with this is that hosting a lot of data in one place can take up a lot of room, and your data can be vulnerable if the server is damaged.Cloud computing was developed as a way of solving this problem. With a cloud hosting service, your data is stored at third-party server sites. You connect to the data through the internet.And to ensure that you always have access to your data, it is stored on multiple servers at once. If one server is down for maintenance, you’ll still have access to all of your data. Join the FREE TrainingDo You Want To Learn How To Build 6 Figures Authority Sites?Join This Free Training To...Finally have a proven method to finding profitable nichesGet access to a foolproof keyword research methodLearn how to outsource quality contentLearn how to build white hat links to your site without headaches What’s so great about cloud storage? It allows you to access your data anywhere you have an internet connection. You don’t need to have a physical hard drive with you. It also stores your data on multiple servers. This means that there’s always a backup if something goes wrong with one of the servers.Cloud storage for small businessAs the amount of data continues to grow, cloud service companies have become increasingly popular. They are widely used by tech companies to host their data and by streaming services to deliver content.However, smaller businesses are beginning to rely on cloud services as well. Cloud storage companies give you the ability to store your data like larger companies, and they give you access to a range of services that you simply wouldnt have if you tried to manage your data on your own. They also help you collect more customer data, which is crucial to delivering custom products.As more and more cloud storage companies have begun to pop up, Rackspace and AWS have turned into two of the industry leaders, offering a wide range of cloud storage services.AWS: The industry leader Despite its size, Rackspace is a legitimate competitor to AWS. Although they do not offer quite as wide a range of services, they compete when it comes to virtual servers and cloud storage. Visit Rackspace.com Rackspace vs AWS: How they compareNow that I’ve gone through a short introduction, I’ll compare the two competitors on a variety of different features. PricingSo how do the two services compare when it comes to pricing? This question doesn’t have a straightforward answer. Why? The services use very different pricing models, making them hard to compare directly.There are some key differences in the pricing schemes of the two companies, however. Rackspace has simpler plans that tend to have slightly lower prices at the entry level. If you don’t need quite as much cloud server space, you may end up paying less with Rackspace.However, this lower price does come at the cost of customization. Rackspace doesn’t have as many plans as AWS, so it’s harder to find one that’s tailored to your speci fic needs. This won’t matter much for a lot of small businesses. Click here for current Rackspace pricing For large corporations, however, the lack of tailored plans can lead to a lot of money being wasted on unneeded services. In addition to its tailored plans based on different services, AWS also allows you to choose a plan where you get extra space during off-peak hours, when traffic on their servers is lower. This is a great way for you to save some money and for AWS to make the most of their spare server space. With Rackspace, you won’t have this option. Click here for current AWS pricing Who wins When comparing Rackspace pricing vs Amazon, there is no clear answer for who is the better deal. Neither company will be cheaper for all users. If you are a small business without huge data storage needs, then Rackspace will likely be the cheaper option.But if you are a larger corporation with more data and specific needs, you may save more money if you choose AWS.SecurityWh en it comes to security, both companies offer an impressive range of protection. No matter which service you choose, your data will be kept safe.Your data, like on any cloud storage platform, is housed on multiple servers. If one server crashes or is down for maintenance, you’ll still be able to access your data.And all of the server facilities have excellent onsite security. If you want to learn more about these facilities, you’ll get a first hand look here: They each have their own security protocol with technical specifications that will go over the heads of anyone except cyber security engineers. For most users, the protection offered by these technologies is roughly equal.And both companies offer designated servers, so you won’t have to share a server with other accounts.Some users may worry about the geographical location of the physical servers. If this is a concern for you, AWS might be a better choice, as they have 16 geographic locations to choose from, as opposed to the 6 offered by Rackspace.But keep in mind that 6 locations will offer enough geographical choice that you should be able to find a location where your data will be secure. Who winsWhich service is safer? For almost all users, there is not a noticeable difference in security protection between Rackspace and AWS. If you want a bit more flexibility when it comes to geographical location, then AWS might be a better choice. Otherwise, Rackspace will give you all the protection you need. Click here for current Rackspace pricing Uptime Save Will one service offer more reliable performance? In general, the answer is no. To compare reliability, I’ll use the two companies’ uptime. This simply refers to the percentage of the time that the servers are operational and your data is available.Both companies promise that they will have an uptime of at least 99.9% on their servers. This is a legal service agreement, not just an empty promise. And for the most part, the two companies live up to it. You’ll get reliable, consistent performance from both services.Although the companies do have an impressive history of performance, they have had their issues. Rackspace has had shutdowns in the past, although they have a very clean record in recent years. You’ll also find a few minor blemishes on AWS’s record, but they, too, are very reliable. Who winsSome users may prefer to go with Amazon, just based on their reputation. But based on past performance, there is no evidence that one service has a consistently better uptime. You’ll get reliable data storage whether you choose Rackspace or AWS. SpeedThis is the where you may notice a difference between the two services. Rackspace is reported by many users to have better performance when it comes to speed. This means you may be able to access your data a bit more quickly if you choose Rackspace.Take this with a grain of salt, however. Both companies offer a range of products, making head-to-head speed comparisons di fficult. And AWS allows a lot of user customization of servers, which may have an impact on performance.AWS is the leading cloud service provider, with countless streaming services trusting them to host their data. If AWS is fast enough for streaming services, it should be able to handle your data. Who wins Rackspace may have a slight edge here, but it’s not one that you will likely notice. And AWS is the cloud data choice of many of the world’s leading tech companies.Developer baseIf you want a service that has thousands of pre-built tools waiting for you, you’ll want to opt for AWS. They developed an extensive network of developers by making development on their servers easy.Rackspace has, to their credit, tried to narrow the gap. But they simply don’t have the resources or clout to attract as many developers as AWS. However, if you are a small business looking for cloud data storage, you probably won’t need these tools.AWS is great for those that need to develop highly customized data solutions. But if you just need someone to look after your data for you, Rackspace has more than enough infrastructure to keep you and your data happy. Who wins This one isn’t even close. AWS wins in a blowout. If you need developer tools, AWS is an excellent choice, giving you all of the flexibility you need to customize your servers.With Rackspace, you won’t have as many options. They are quickly expanding their library of tools, so their customization is improving by the day. But they still have lots of work to do to keep up with AWS. Click here for current AWS pricing Wrapping it up: AWS vs RackspaceFrom all of the comparisons above, you should see by now that Rackspace and AWS are both excellent services. For most users, there really isn’t that much that separates the two, and you will get great performance from both companies.But there are some instances where one service is better than the other. If you need an extensive library of developer tools to use for your server management, AWS is the clear choice. Are you a large business with large volumes of data and in need of customized development tools? Then you should also choose AWS.If you are a small business and want someone to manage your servers for you, go with Rackspace. And if you want personalized, warm, and responsive customer service, they are also your best option.Compare the plans offered by Rackspace and AWSPrices and services vary widely, so the best option is to look at each company’s specific plans to try to find one that suits your needs. This may frustrate those looking for an easy answer, but it will help you find the cloud storage service that best fits your business.

Essay On The Black Death - 1909 Words

The Black Death: Accurate or Inaccurate? â€Å"The Black Death† is a pretty historically accurate movie. The costumes in the movie, the plot of the movie, the cause of the Black Death, how the Black Death spread, how to cure the Black Death, what the Black Death looked like, some of the sets in the movie, and the origin of the Black Death were all depicted extremely accurately. However, some of the sets in â€Å"The Black Death† were not completely accurate. The movie â€Å"The Black Death† gives the viewer a great deal of accurate information about the Black Plague; however, there are a few historical inaccuracies as well. The black death was a disease triggered by the bacteria Yersinia pestis. Yersinia pestis is a bacterium transmitted by rodents,†¦show more content†¦A knight, named Ulric, comes to the monastery that Osmund is at, and he is in search of someone to lead him and his group of soldiers, including Wolfstan, Mold, Abbot, Swire, and Dalywag, to a secluded village where everyone has renounced from God. This village was a place that was safe from the plague, and there are speculations that there is a necromancer there that is bringing plague victims back from the dead. Osmond volunteers to lead Ulric and his group to the village in hopes of finding a girl named Averill, who he was secretly dating. One of the monks told Osmund not to go, but he decided that this is what God was calling him to do. Along the way, he discovers that Averill died in the forest. Shortly after Osmund and the group of soldier arrive at the village, Osmund meets a woman, named Langiva, who dresses his wounds. Langiva later tells Osmund that they found Averill in the woods, and then she shows Osmund her body. Afterwards, Langiva brings Averill back to life in front of Osmund. Then, as Langiva is trying to force Osmund to renounce his faith, Osmund kills Averill because he thinks that she a demon brought her back to life, and she deserves to be with God. Later, he finds out that Langiva never brought Averill back to life and that she was never dead. Langiva only drugged Averill and made it appear as though she was dead. When Osmund discovered that he had killed Averill, he became cold-hearted, left the monastery, and became a knight that set outShow MoreRelated Black Death Essays1319 Words   |  6 Pages The Black Death, also known as the Black Plague, or the Bubonic Plague killed one third of the population of Europe during its reign in the 13th and 14th centuries. The arrival of this plague set the scene for years of strife and heroism. Leaving the social and Economic aspect in a standstill. The phantom of death became a subject of art, music and folklore and it influenced the consciousness of the people. The impact of this mass killer caused enormous chaos and havoc to the medieval society becauseRead MoreThe Black Death Essay1018 Words   |  5 PagesThe Black Death took place in Europe during the fourteenth century. To the people of the time, facts about the disease were unknown until people started to notice problems that other people were having. The Black Death or â€Å"plague† that killed thousands in the fourteenth century may have evolved into a more modern version of itself. The â€Å"plague† is known as the â€Å"Yersinia pestis† bacteria, which is a rare zoonotic disease. These diseases are spread from animal to human (Newquist 239, Adamloakun MRead MoreEssay On The Black Death924 Words   |  4 Pagesknow precisely what was causing the Black Death to transpire, they also did not know how to cure it. In â€Å"The Black Death†, many thought that they needed to be sin free or that God needed to forgive them for their sins. This was true for people who resided in England during the time of the Black Death as well. Because they believed that the Black Death was God’s punishment, the only way to cure them of the plague was through God’s forgiveness. The article â€Å"Black Death† states, â€Å"By this logic, the onlyRead MoreEssay On The Black Death901 Words   |  4 PagesIn the middle of the fourteenth century, European experienced a disease called Black Death, which killed millions of people in six years. By spreading quickly, this disease affected not only on people’s lives but also on economic of many countries, especially those countries in Europe. Therefore, people found out some cures to end this nightmare disease. Ole J. Benedictow. â€Å"The Black Death: The Greatest Catastrophe Ever†. Published in History Today Volume 55 Issue 3 March 2005 Read MoreBlack Death Essay779 Words   |  4 PagesThe Black Death of 1347-1350 had one of the most dominate impacts on Latin Christendom and Islamic Worlds. The pandemic would have an economic, political and demographic change of these worlds for the next three centuries. These area’s impacted were already deeming an economic downfall. With the abrupt change of climate, the agricultural revenues were already suffering. The climate change had impacted mostly the poor people of these countries. The Black Death wasn’t having mercy on anyone that wasRead MoreThe Black Death Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pagessong little children sing while holding hands, walking around in a circle and then falling down. The nursery rhyme refers to the Black Death, one of the worst plagues of all time (Schladweller). Known as infectious diseases that spread quickly and kill countless people, plagues have had a tremendous affect on people around the world since the beginning of time. Th e Black Death, also known as the bubonic plague, is a contagious bacterial infection that has killed millions of people. With the bubonic plagueRead MoreThe Black Death. Essay936 Words   |  4 Pagesyou to a slow miserable death. In the 1300s people were struck with a great plague, which has now been named â€Å"The Black Death†. The Black Death killed off populations with just one sweep. Historians call this the biggest tragedy of all time. The question is what caused this plague and how does something like this happen? Overtime historians have boiled it down to 2 and some may say 3 explanations, which are religion, science, and humans. With the help of a book The Black Death by Rosemary Horrox I wasRead MoreBlack Death Essay1007 Words   |  5 Pageswas too bright to stand. Within a day or two, the swellings appeared. They were hard, painful, burning lumps on their neck, under their arms, on their inner thighs. Soon they turned black, split open, and began to ooze pus a nd blood. They may have grown to the size of an orange. These are the symptoms of the Black Death, one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350. It is widely thought to have been an outbreak of bubonic plague, and during thoseRead More Black Death Essay1184 Words   |  5 Pages Black Death, outbreak of bubonic plague that struck Europe and the Mediterranean area from 1347 through 1351. It was the first of a cycle of European plague epidemics that continued until the early 18th century. A cycle of ancient plagues had preceded these plagues between the 6th and 8th centuries AD; another cycle of modern followed them, but less deadly, plagues that began in the late 19th century and continue in the 20th century. The term quot;Black Deathquot; was not used to refer to theRead MoreEssay on The Black Death1474 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Death was an extensive epidemic that spread across Europe from 1346 to 1353, killing over an est imated one-third of Europe’s entire population (Medieval World 56). Although historians are not entirely sure of its origin, the Black Death spread quickly across both Europe and Asia with a death toll that augmented rapidly. The plague also had unusual and deadly symptoms, causing â€Å"panic everywhere, with men and women knowing no way to stop death except to flee from it† (Kohn 28). The chaos

Corporation and Equity Participation - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1775 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/09/20 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Tags: Communication Essay Did you like this example? (a) â€Å"Nemawashi† is an agricultural metaphor. The idea is that before a farmer plants a seed, he should prepare the roots and the soil, so that the seed has the best chance of survival. It is a political process by which an unofficial understanding is reached before a final decision is made on a particular matter. â€Å"Nemawashi† is Bottom-up style decision making (middle management has the greatest influence on decision making). The Japanese are primarily concerned with harmoniously working out problems without causing interpersonal frictions, such nemawashi is employed as simply informal lobbying to gain consensus before action. A complete consensus is essential and this is achieved by using the process of â€Å"ringi†. Everyone stamped his chop on a piece of paper called â€Å"ringsho†, a formal meeting can be called to discuss the issue very formally. No one usually says anything negative at this meeting. Why? , this is largely due to t he extensive preparation involving a lot of meetings before the final meeting. While vertical US system is top-down decision making, downward communication consists primarily of orders for implementation, and upward communication consist of reports on performance and accomplishment. Top management come up with programmed decisions, employees are to follow through. Nemawashi promotes Democracy for lower levels, encourages greater participation, decisions are met with general acceptance and it reinforces harmony within the company. Because an excessive number of meetings are held, involving an excessive number of people, the process is time consuming and can lead to lost business opportunities. Situation: Company worker identified a potential new client. Process: Important account information and an outline of potential benefit from acquiring the client is composed using a ringsho. This is passed to various departments to determine if the potential client matches each department requirement. For example finance/accounting (for credit worthiness), to distribution (for logical support) and to public relations (for appropriateness of associating with the new client) Situation: A decision concerning financial commitment is needed. Process: A ringisho is composed with various financial alternatives. Based upon the financial requirement, the ringsho is circulated to the appropriate managerial levels. For example Chairman, the president, vice president, senior management group and, to divisional managers. The process permits initiative from lower level managers by giving them responsibility for carrying out action. It gives top management control while providing a method for group participation. Drawback may include inadequate overall knowledge of the company by the lower-level manager to make effective decision. The inability to make spontaneous decision can inhibit long-range planning. The organizational culture may compel individual group member to accept t he final decision, even if they disagree. (b) Understanding the difference between the two cultures’ nonverbal communication system is necessary for a successful business transactions. Japanese business meeting etiquette must also be religiously respected. These will go a long way to decrease intercultural communication apprehension on both sides. Several symbols represent words or expressions to the Japanese that must be conveyed verbally in other countries. For Americans or Canadians to be successful with the Japanese, we must learn how to comprehend the significance of important traditions: e. g. Japanese bow, business card exchange, different meaning of eye contact, facial expressions, and typical Japanese body gestures, tactile aspects, and time concepts. Qi Concepts Limited offers cross-cultural communication seminars, one-on one coaching for key executives and business â€Å"hotline† services. At the beginning of the meeting, it is expected that foreigners greet fellow Japanese business people with respect and earnestness. Although the customary greeting in Japan is to bow, some Japanese, especially those with international experience will greet fellow business people with a handshake. If one is greeted with a bow however, they should return the bow, preferably as low as the one they received. How low one bows determines the status of the relationship between the two. Between Japanese, subordinates will bow deeply and their superiors will not to the same extent. Before everyone takes a seat, it is an essential part of Japanese business etiquette to exchange business cards. In Japan, business cards are called ‘meishi’. They are considered not only as serious tools for establishing business contacts, but also as identification of the individual and the company he/she represents. Business cards should be printed with one side in Japanese and one side in the language of the individual’s home country. It is in ones best interest to offer their business card with both hands as this denotes reater respect. Unlike many Western countries where it is acceptable to ‘pocket’ a business card upon receipt, it is considered extremely rude and disrespectful in Japan. In comparison it is expected for the recipient to review and memorize the details printed on the card and then carefully place it in a card holder or pocketbook. As Japanese business meetings are conducted formally, it is unacceptable for members to dress casually. Acceptable attire for men includes conservative suits in a dark color. Women are also expected to dress conservatively and should avoid wearing trousers as Japanese men may take it offensively. In addition both men and women should wear slip on shoes as it is probable that they may frequently have to take off their shoes. The seating arrangement in Japanese business meetings tends to be dependant on the status of the participants; the highest ranking member will be expected to take a seat at the head of the table. The succeeding members of rank will then take their seats starting with the seats closest to the highest ranking member and then gradually move round to the end of the table. At the end of the meeting, one must wait until the highest ranking participant stands before they can. Throughout the business meeting, it is mandatory to behave in the accepted manner. For example, pointing or using large hand gestures should be avoided as it is not usual for Japanese people to gesticulate as they talk and so it may be considered a distraction. In addition, blowing your nose in public is perceived as being disruptive and unhygienic. As a participant, it is also important to look interested for the duration of the business meeting. Consequently, taking notes is highly appreciated. For Japanese business persons, social drinking provides an outlet and is greatly encouraged by the business world. Doing business with the Japanese is a skillfu l art acquired through patience and understanding. One can never hide one’s western culture so attempt to blindly copy Japanese methods are destined to fail. Instead, respect the Japanese system, and business communication is sure to flourish. (c) Representative offices aimed at the collection and provision of information may be freely established without any registration requirements under the Japanese Commercial Code; no notification need be provided to tax offices, as representative offices do not engage in business operations in Japan and hus are not subject to corporate tax. However, representative offices established by foreign banks, insurance companies, securities companies, or other financial institutions are exceptions; prior notification must be provided to the Financial Services Agency for such representative offices (as stipulated in the Banking Law, Securities Exchange Law and other laws). A bank account opened by a representative office will ordinarily be regis tered jointly in the name of the office and an individual representative, as in (name of representative), Japan Representative Office, (name of company). The documentation generally required for a representative office to open a bank account is as follows: * Passport of representative * Certificate of alien registration of representative * Company brochure * Leasing agreement * Bank seal Foreign companies generally engage in business operations by establishing a branch office, subsidiary company, or limited liability partnership, and the legal differences between each of these are summarized in the following table. Table 1-1| | Branch office| Subsidiary company| Limited liability partnership (LLP)| | | Kabushiki-Kaisha (joint-stock corporation)| Godo-Kaisha limited liability company (LLC))| | Restrictions on equity participation| Notification must be filed with the Bank of Japan| Notification must be filed with the Bank of Japan| Notification must be filed with the Bank of Japan| No tification need not be filed with the Bank of Japan| Capital| No capital| 1 yen or more(*1)| 1 yen or more(*1)| 2 yen or more (if 2 partners)| Number of investors| -| 1 or more| 1 or more| 2 or more(*3)| Liability of equity participants/parent company toward creditors| Unlimited| Limited to amount of equity participation| Limited to amount of equity participation| Limited to amount of equity participation| Transfer of equity participation share| No equity participation share| May be transferred freely in principle. May be stipulated in articles of incorporation that approval of Board of Directors is needed for transfer of shares. Unanimous approval of equity participants (members) required| Unanimous approval of partners required| Number of executives required| Representative in Japan. 1 or more(*2)| See Tables 1-2, 1-3| No legally stipulated minimum. In principle, all members are executive officers, but a representative member may be appointed(*2). | No legally stipulated minimu m. All partners are executive officers(*3). | Legally stipulated term of office for executives| No legally stipulated term| See Tables 1-2, 1-3| No legally stipulated term| No legally stipulated term| Regular general meeting of shareholders (members)| Not required| In principle, must be held every year| Not required| Not required| Possibility of public offer of stock (equity participation share)| No equity participation share| Possible| Not possible| Not possible| Possibility of reorganization into joint-stock corporation| Not possible. Need to separately close branch office and establish joint-stock corporation(*4)| -| Possible| Not possible. Need to separately dissolve partnership and establish joint-stock corporation(*5)| Distribution of profits and losses| -| Allocated according to equity participation ratio| May be allocated at a different rate from equity participation rate if specified in articles of association| May be freely allocated with the unanimous approval of pa rtners| Taxation of profits| Income arising within Japan is in principle taxed| Taxed according to profits of joint-stock corporation and profits allocated to shareholders| Taxed according to profits of Godo Kaisha and profits allocated to participants| No taxation of partnerships themselves. Taxation of profits allocated to partners| (*1) Although establishment with capital of zero yen is theoretically possible, approval is granted ex post facto, and it is not in practice possible to incorporate a company without paying in capital. (*2) At least one representative must have an address in and be resident in Japan. (*3) One or more partner must be an individual who has an address in and is resident in Japan for more than 1 year, or a Japanese corporation. *4) See 1. 6. 1 Closure of branch offices. (*5) See 1. 6. 3 Dissolution and liquidation of limited liability partnerships. https://internationalbusiness. wikia. com/wiki/Japanese_Business_Meeting_Etiquette www. jetro. go. jp/en/i nvest/setting_up/laws/section1/ https://www. allbusiness. com/human-resources/employee-development-problem-solving/393248-1. html www. cognos. com/SPSS www. japanese123. com/ .† www. basis. ie/servlet/blobservlet/japan. pdf Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Corporation and Equity Participation" essay for you Create order

Social Workers And The Social Worker Client Relationship

Today’s social workers are surrounded by technology, which changes the way social workers and clinicians practice. Technology helps social workers and clinicians work more efficiently and effective, as it improves greater productivity, less paperwork, ultimately allowing more time for clients. With the increase of use in technology, the current NASW Code of Ethics (2008), has created new standards specifically related to electronic communications, such as email, fax machines, computers, and electronic records. According to, Getz (2012), â€Å"research and experience thus far indicates that mobile application technology has the capability to support the social worker-client relationship†. With the increase in technological advances, social workers have the ability to utilize technological assessment tools in order to assist veterans with psychological issues. Currently, there are many different websites that social workers or clinicians could use in order to better serve and assess veterans. One online website that is beneficial for social workers to use is the U.S Department of Veteran Affairs, PTSD Assessment. This website assists social workers by giving information on a variety of measures assessing trauma and PTSD in Veterans, such as assessment basics, training and tools, and veteran specific information (2015). This website provides facts about PTSD, as well as a practical guide to assessing PTSD. I would use this tool as a resource for working with a veteran with PTSDShow MoreRelatedSetting Boundaries And Ethical Considerations With Clients Essay1590 Words   |  7 PagesBoundaries and Ethical Considerations with Clients in Treatment Groups As a social worker and facilitator of a treatment group, you off-handedly remarked that you were going to give away a bunch of clothes that you have had stored and haven’t worn. A treatment group member hears this and asks that you give the clothes to him or her. Do you give them to her or him? Why or why not? Which NASW Code of Ethics does this situation relate to? If the client is in need of the clothes then I do not thinkRead MoreReflection On Social Work1737 Words   |  7 PagesFor clients to feel empowered, they need to feel a sense of inclusion and social justice. Social justice is defined as fair and social privileges (Farrell, 2016). This means that people have the same rights regardless of their social status, their wealth, or other factors. Inclusion is also incredibly important. Because we as human beings are naturally drawn to relationships, feeling a sense of inclusion within our social groups allows us to be empowered. Unfortunately, not everyone feels that senseRead MoreThe Core Value Of Social Work1025 Words   |  5 PagesThe first core value of social work is service. The purpose of service is to simply help those in need. It is our duty to find the help and support that individuals need in order to function properly, both individually and socially. Social workers have the ability to see potential in individuals and it is our job to help individuals find that potential. It is also our duty to address social issues. In order to do provide the services needed for individuals, social workers must use their own sourceRead MoreSetting Clear Boundaries in the Social Work Field1231 Words   |  5 PagesClear Boundaries In Social Work Many individuals opt for the field of social work so that others may grow and improve their way of life and have a stable living style. However, while providing this sort of help to the clients, it is important that social workers are aware of their ethical boundaries and have communicated this to their clients as well. Setting and maintain clear boundaries is a very important part of every profession. As far as social work is concerned where the worker directly influencesRead MoreThe Core Value Of Social Justice Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pages Social Justice Similarly, the core value of social justice is defined in the context of ethical principles as that of social workers challenging social injustices. In working with a client like Vivi, a moral dilemma would arise which would have the potential to affect society as a whole by depriving others of the peace, equality, and treatment deserved by all human beings. Also, as a federally mandated reporter, a workers professional ethics and an individual’s personal set of standards can becomeRead MoreChronic Mental Illness 719 Words   |  3 PagesJeanne is a social worker employed by a community behavioral health center where she provides clinical services to the persons who are suffering from chronic mental illness. Two days prior, one of her clients, Jessica, committed suicide. According to the social worker, for many years Jessica had been struggled with depression and cocaine addiction. Right after the suicide, Jessica’s parents who had participated in her treatment at nume rous times, in the context of family counseling contacted JeanneRead MoreInterventions And Strategies That Can Help The Supervisee s Recognize And Manage Dual Relationships When They Arise1350 Words   |  6 PagesInterventions and strategies that I would be use for preventing dual relationships in supervisory would be to implement a policy that abides by the NASW Code of Ethic, providing training, having mandatory meeting, and continuing educations for the supervisees. The training should consist risk management skills, how to maintain a healthy relationships with supervisees and clients, how to handle boundary violations, and how to make ethical decisions. The clinical should implement a conceptual frameworkRead More1.Specific Values. A.Dignity And Human Worth Of The Person.1030 Words   |  5 Pagesperson †¢ â€Å"Social workers seek to enhance client’s capacity and opportunity to change and to address their own needs† code of ethics of the NASW. †¢ It is this social worker’s job to make sure the client understands that it is their job to help them. By pointing out your concerns you are doing your job. B. Integrity †¢ â€Å"Social workers behave in a trustworthy manner† code of ethics of the NASW. †¢ This social work was behaving in a trustworthy manner, but did not draw a line when the relationship continuedRead MoreHuman Rights Is A Global Issue Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagessocially accepted. I can look around and see a flawed humanity. Nothing else should define us; not ethnicity, mobility, religion, or sexual orientation. We as a community should come together as one to help each other and make the world a better place. Social justice should implement policies that reflect the goal of economic justice. It might involve eliminating discriminatory hiring practices and permitting people to work freely where their business skills are qualified. Agencies tend to highlight theyRead MoreThe Video Cases : Anthony, Session 3, The Third Session Between Anthony And His Social Worker896 Words   |  4 Pagessession between Anthony and his social worker, James. Discuss the following issues. Where in the helping relationship with Anthony should James have first introduced the prospect of termination, and why? â€Å"Termination is the final phase of the helping process, and how the social worker concludes the client-social worker relationship will influence the extent to which clients may be able to maintain the progress they have achieved. Ending the client-social worker relationship in a planned and sensitive

Concept Map and Guided Question Response-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Explain the Pathogenesis causing the clinical Manifestations with which Mrs Brown presented. 2.Discuss two high priority nursing strategies to manage Mrs Brown and provide evidence-based rationales for these strategies. 3.Discuss the mechanism of action of these two drugs, and relate to the underlying Pathogenesis of an acute exacerbation of chronic left-sided heart failure. Answers: 1.The case study provided informs that the clinical manifestation in Mrs. Brown was tachycardia, tachypnoea, dyspnoea, hypertension, and decreased level of oxygen saturation. The other things that caused concern in the patient were the lung auscultation reports that showed bilateral basal crackles. By performing the electrocardiogram test, the patients condition was diagnosed as chronic left-sided heart failure. Arterial fibrillation was evident from the electrocardiogram tests performed. Systolic and Diastolic dysfunction The pathogenesis of this clinical condition can be explained on the basis of this manifestation. According to Dupuis, and Guazzi (2015) systolic dysfunction is the main cause of left-sided heart failure. It is known to be the main etiological factor. Systolic dysfunction is the condition characterized by poor capacity to pump out blood. It relates to the poor ventricular contraction. The causative factor underlying this phenomenon may be the impaired functioning of myocytes or fibrosis. When the blood flow is resisted to a level above the threshold, creating afterload and consequently systolic dysfunction. The cumulative effect of this processes is the overstretching of the left ventricle and impaired myocardial contractility. In short, systolic dysfunction is significantly responsible for the heart failure. The onset of heart failure is also initiated by the Diastolic dysfunction to some extent. The hindrance to the ventricular relaxation and filling causes diastolic dysfunction. It is evident from the stiffness of the wall, during this condition. In the patients with the left-sided heart failure, ventricular contractility is impaired. It give rises to the condition like myocardial infarction or ischemic heart (Kraigher-Krainer et al., 2014). During systolic dysfunction and impaired ventricular contractility, the patients also exhibit dilated cardiomyopathy. It is the another feature of left-sided heart failure. The overload can also be contributed by the aortic regurgitation. Overload in this patients causes uncontrolled Systemic hypertension. This may occur together with the aortic stenosis (Craft et al., 2015). Homeostasis In addition to the systemic factors, the deleterious consequences of the left-sided heart failure is also linked to the mechanism that maintains homeostasis in our body. Based on the various clinical examinations it was found that the left-sided heart failure is the outcome of the cascade of events (Adeniran et al., 2015). The factors that are involved in this process are- Continuous sympathetic activation accentuated heart rate increased circulating volume preload in conjunction with increased total peripheral resistance chronic elevation of angiotensin II enzyme aldosterone hormone In the given vase study, the two main symptoms of the diagnosed left-sided heart failure manifested will be focused for understanding the pathophysiology. Shortness of breath The shortness of breath experienced by Mrs. Brown may have occurred because of the pulmonary oncotic pressure. left-sided regurgitation contributes to decreased pulmonary compliance. It occurs because of the extravasation of fluid into the pulmonary interstitium. The increased airway resistance also reflects it. The process leading to the bilateral basal crackles ca ne explained by the worsening pulmonary edema. The lung bases have greater hydrostatic forces and before inspiration, closure of small airways occurs due to interstitial edema. If this condition is serious, crackles are represented by higher lung regions (Rosenkranz et al., 2015). 2.The prevailing condition of Mrs. Brown can be treated by evidence based nursing strategies. The patients health condition is deteriorating with increased respiratory rate and low level of oxygen saturation. In this situation, oxygen therapy is the effective way to prevent the pulmonary congestion and hypoxia (Miguel-Montanes et al., 2015). It will improve the oxygen saturation. Nurses must monitor the patent under this action plan to ascertain the intervention. The nurse must ensure adequate ventilation by using the nasal cannula. The oxygen mask may create temporary suffocation must be mitigated by the nurses. Nurse actions under this strategy involves taking preventive steps fr probable occurrence of emphysema and hyperinflation of the lungs (McMurray et al., 2012). Mrs. Browns heart rate was elevated above the normal limit. It is necessary in this stage to maintain the satisfactory cardiovascular functioning. Under the supervision of the physician, nurse can administer Digoxine as prescribed. Thus medication improves the contraction and rhythmicity of the heart. It improves the cardiac output by enhancing the myocardial contractility. It will lead to stabilization of the heart rhythms (Ambrosy et al., 2014). The role of the nurse is to monitor and report to the physician in case of contraindications or adverse outcomes. In addition to the pharmacological intervention, the non-pharmacological interventions for the nurses can be emphasizing on self-care programs for the patient. The urinary output can be measured as part of the diuretic therapy (Lilley et al., 2014). Mechanism of action of IV furosemide and sublingual glyceryl trinitrate This section deals with the mechanism of the drugs and relation to the acute exacerbation of the chronic condition. IV furosemide: This drug is diuretic and functions to block the reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and water from kidney. It is effective to treat oedema as it eliminated fluid from the body by increasing urine output. Oedema is decreased by diuresis and pleural effusions, thereby lowering the blood pressure. It is usually administered for the management of left-sided heart failure (davisplus.fadavis.com., 2017). Sublingual glyceryl trinitrate: Thus drug is used for prophylactic management of angina pectoris. It is also used in acute conditions. It is known as adjunct therapy to treat heart failure. This drug acts to dilate the coronary arteries. It improves the collateral flow to ischemic regions. Upon administration of this drug the coronary blood flow increases. This drug decreases the myocardial oxygen consumption. Thus, it is administered to relive the symptoms of heart failure by reducing the blood pressure and increasing cardiac output (davisplus.fadavis.com., 2017). Nursing implication of the drugs administered Nurse must report the physician in case of adverse outcomes. Timely assessment of fluid status is necessary in addition to regular check of vital signs and location of edema, lung sounds, skin turgor, and mucous membrane. Fall risk assessment should be conducted as Mrs Brown is an elderly patient. The patient must be educated about the fall prevention strategies, and the side effects of IV furosemide. It includes dzziness, nausea, muscle cramps, and abdominal pain. Increased heartbeat, allergic reactions and tongue ulcers are the side effects of sublingual glyceryl trinitrate. Nurses must carry out evaluation of the contributing factors of angina pain in Mrs Brown. The patient must be checked for three level of consciousness (Aitken et al., 2016). References Adeniran, I., MacIver, D. H., Hancox, J. C., Zhang, H. (2015). Abnormal calcium homeostasis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is related to both reduced contractile function and incomplete relaxation: an electromechanically detailed biophysical modeling study.Frontiers in physiology,6. Aitken, L., Marshall, A., Chaboyer, W. (2016).Acccn's Critical Care Nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. Craft, J., Gordon, C., Huether, S. E., McCance, K. L., Brashers, V. L. (2015).Understanding pathophysiology-ANZ adaptation. Elsevier Health Sciences. Dupuis, J., Guazzi, M. (2015). Pathophysiology and clinical relevance of pulmonary remodelling in pulmonary hypertension due to left heart diseases.Canadian Journal of Cardiology,31(4), 416-429. Furosemide. (2017).davisplus.fadavis.com. Retrieved 12 August 2017, from https://davisplus.fadavis.com/3976/meddeck/pdf/furosemide.pdf. Kraigher-Krainer, E., Shah, A. M., Gupta, D. K., Santos, A., Claggett, B., Pieske, B., ... McMurray, J. J. (2014). Impaired systolic function by strain imaging in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.Journal of the American College of Cardiology,63(5), 447-456. Lilley, L. L., Collins, S. R., Snyder, J. S. (2014).Pharmacology and the Nursing Process-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. McMurray, J. J., Adamopoulos, S., Anker, S. D., Auricchio, A., Bhm, M., Dickstein, K., ... Jaarsma, T. (2012). ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012.European journal of heart failure,14(8), 803-869. Rosenkranz, S., Gibbs, J. S. R., Wachter, R., De Marco, T., Vonk-Noordegraaf, A., Vachiry, J. L. (2015). Left ventricular heart failure and pulmonary hypertension.European heart journal,37(12), 942-954.

Opposing viewpoints of two authors Essays - Animal Welfare

Opposing viewpoints of two authors According to the news paper's editorial board, "Few people knew how easy it is to own a wild animal as a pet. Or how potentially tragic " ( 306) . A two year old Florida girl was attacked by a 12 feet long python which was the family's pet. It later got out of its own space and attacked the little girl. According to Zuzana Kukol, "Responsible private ownership of exotic animals should be legal if the animal welfare is taken care of" (307). Terry Thompson was not a responsible owner. He had charges of animal abuse and criminal record. We have no control over insane people. What he did was selfish and insane. The news paper's editorial board is more credible, because it has more examples and viewpoi nts that supported the argument. The audience of the first side are adults who have kids. The reason why they would be against having wild animals as a pet, is because they don't want to risk their kid's life. The audience for the second side are irresponsible middle clas s teenagers, who have little income that want a wild animal for couple of hundred dollars.

The financial statement of BAE system analysis of company’s financial perform-ance The WritePass Journal

The financial statement of BAE system analysis of company’s financial perform-ance   Introduction The financial statement of BAE system analysis of company’s financial perform-ance   IntroductionKey FactsLANDAIRSEAHOMELAND SECURITYTECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONINFORMATION TECHNOLOGYBalanced Scorecard  Kaplan and Norton describe the innovation of the balanced scorecard as followsThe Financial Perspective  BAE Systems Plc.Key Recent DevelopmentKey benefits of buying this profile include,Why I Chose The Balance Scorecard To Calculate My AnalysisConclusion Related   Introduction BAE Systems is a global defence and security company with approximately 100,000 employees worldwide. The Company delivers a full range of products and services for air, land and naval forces, as well as advanced electronics, security, information technology solutions and customer support services. In 2009 BAE Systems reported sales of  £22.4 billion (US$ 36.2 billion). BAE Systems plc. (BAE) is one of the leading global defence, aerospace and security companies, providing advanced electronic, security, information technology solutions. The company is engaged in designing, manufacturing, and supporting military aircrafts, space systems, surface ships, submarines, avionics, radars, C4ISR (command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance) systems, electronic systems, and guided weapon systems. BAE’s other operations include complex software development, advanced manufacture, and providing specialized training services. Its distribution network covers about 130 countries.(www.baesystem.com) 2nd largest global defence company based on 2009 revenues* Approximately 100,000 employees worldwide Global capability Customers in more than 100 countries 2009 sales exceeded  £22.4 billion * (: Defense News Annual Ranking, published June 2010) Key Facts LAND BAE Systems is a global leader in the design, development, production and support of armoured combat vehicles, major and minor calibre naval guns and missile launchers, canisters, artillery systems and intelligent munitions. AIR BAE Systems delivers advanced military air capability through major aircraft programmes in the UK, US and to many overseas customers. SEA BAE Systems has a breadth of capabilities and is delivering high performance through a range of warships, submarines, auxiliary vessel programmes and naval armaments HOMELAND SECURITY BAE Systems is well positioned to play a key role in this developing market, where protecting people, assets and infrastructure, and maintaining national security and economic stability are paramount TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION BAE Systems has a proud heritage of ground breaking inventions including Concorde, Radio communication, and the Harrier Jump Jet. In the changing world of defence and homeland security, technology and innovation are still at the heart of our business. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BAE Systems Information Technology, based in McLean, Virginia, is one of the ten largest IT providers to the US government. Our aim is to be a recognized provider of managed IT Operations. (www.baesystem.com) Balanced Scorecard   The balanced scorecard is a strategic planning and management system that is used extensively in business and industry, government, and non profit organizations worldwide to align business activities to the vision and strategy of the organization, improve internal and external communications, and monitor organization performance against strategic goals. It was originated by Drs. Robert Kaplan (Harvard Business School) and David Norton as a performance measurement framework that added strategic non-financial performance measures to traditional financial metrics to give managers and executives a more balanced view of organizational performance. The balanced scorecard has evolved from its early use as a simple performance measurement framework to a full strategic planning and management system. The â€Å"new† balanced scorecard transforms an organization’s strategic plan from an attractive but passive document into the marching orders for the organization on a daily basis. It provides a framework that not only provides performance measurements, but helps planners identify what should be done and measured. It enables executives to truly execute their strategies. This new approach to strategic management was first detailed in a series of articles and books by Drs. Kaplan and Norton. Recognizing some of the weaknesses and vagueness of previous management approaches, the balanced scorecard approach provides a clear prescription as to what companies should measure in order to balance the financial perspective. The balanced scorecard is a management system (not only a measurement system).(www.balancescorecard.org) Kaplan and Norton describe the innovation of the balanced scorecard as follows The balanced scorecard retains traditional financial measures. But financial measures tell the story of past events, an adequate story for industrial age companies for which investments in long-term capabilities and customer relationships were not critical for success. These financial measures are inadequate, however, for guiding and evaluating the journey that information age companies must make to create future value through investment in customers, suppliers, employees, processes, technology, and innovation. The Balance Score Card Frame Work Adapted from Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton, â€Å"Using the Balanced Scorecard as a Strategic Management System,† Harvard Business Review (January-February 1996): 76. balancedscorecard.org/BSCResources/AbouttheBalancedScorecard/tabid/55/Default.aspx The Financial Perspective Kaplan and Norton do not disregard the traditional need for financial data. Timely and accurate funding data will always be a priority, and managers will do whatever necessary to provide it. In fact, often there is more than enough handling and processing of financial data. With the implementation of a corporate database, it is hoped that more of the processing can be centralized and automated. But the point is that the current emphasis on financials leads to the unbalanced situation with regard to other perspectives.  Ã‚  There is perhaps a need to include additional financial-related data, such as risk assessment and cost-benefit data, in this category. For example: Growth stage   goal is growth, such as revenue growth rate Sustain stage   goal is profitability, such ROE, ROCE, and EVA Harvest stage   goal is cash flow and reduction in capital requirements The following table outlines some examples of financial metrics: Objective Specific Measure Growth Revenue growth Profitability Return on equity Cost leadership Unit cost Financial Performance Of BAE System BAE Systems plc. (BAE) is one of the leading global defence, aerospace and security companies, providing advanced electronic, security, information technology solutions. The company is engaged in designing, manufacturing, and supporting military aircrafts, space systems, surface ships, submarines, avionics, radars, C4ISR (command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance) systems, electronic systems, and guided weapon systems. BAE’s other operations include complex software development, advanced manufacture, and providing specialized training services. Its distribution network covers about 130 countries.(www.baesystem.com)   BAE Systems Plc.Key Recent Development Jul 26, 2010 BAE Systems, Aquamarine Power Collaborate On Wave Energy Mar 24, 2010 BAE Systems Plans To Develop Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus For Sun Line Transit Mar 16, 2010 BAE Systems Delivers First Hybrid Propulsion Systems To Alexander Dennis Under Green Bus Fund Initiative Sep 28, 2009 Oshkosh Bags New Deal From BAE Aug 19, 2009 BAE Systems To Provide Propulsion Systems To King County Metro Transit For 500 Hybrid Electric Buses. This comprehensive SWOT profile of BAE Systems plc. provides you an in-depth strategic analysis of the company’s businesses and operations. The profile has been compiled by Global Data to bring to you a clear and an unbiased view of the company’s key strengths and weaknesses and the potential opportunities and threats. The profile helps you formulate strategies that augment your business by enabling you to understand your partners, customers and competitors better. The profile contains critical company information including Business description A detailed description of the company’s operations and business divisions. Corporate strategy Analyst’s summarization of the company’s business strategy. SWOT Analysis A detailed analysis of the company’s strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. Company history Progression of key events associated with the company. Major products and services A list of major products, services and brands of the company. Key competitors A list of key competitors to the company. Key employees A list of the key executives of the company. Executive biographies A brief summary of the executives’ employment history. Key operational heads A list of personnel heading key departments/functions. Important locations and subsidiaries A list and contact details of key locations and subsidiaries of the company. Detailed financial ratios for the past five years The latest financial ratios derived from the annual financial statements published by the company with 5 years history. Interim ratios for the last five interim periods The latest financial ratios derived from the quarterly/semi-annual financial statements published by the company for 5 interims history. Key benefits of buying this profile include, You get detailed information about the company and its operations to identify potential customers and suppliers. The profile analyses the company’s business structure, operations, major products and services, prospects, locations and subsidiaries, key executives and their biographies and key competitors. Understand and respond to your competitors’ business structure and strategies, and capitalize on their weaknesses. Stay up to date on the major developments affecting the company. The company’s core strengths and weaknesses and areas of development or decline are analysed and presented in the profile objectively. Recent developments in the company covered in the profile help you track important events. Equip yourself with information that enables you to sharpen your strategies and transform your operations profitably. Opportunities that the company can explore and exploit are sized up and its growth potential assessed in the profile. Competitive and/or technological threats are highlighted. Scout for potential investments and acquisition targets, with detailed insight into the companies’ strategic, financial and operational performance. Financial ratio presented for major public companies in the profile include the revenue trends, profitability, growth, margins and returns, liquidity and leverage, financial position and efficiency ratios. Gain key insights into the company for academic or business research. Key elements such as SWOT analysis, corporate strategy and financial ratios and charts are incorporated in the profile to assist your academic or business research needs.(www.baesystem.com)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Why I Chose The Balance Scorecard To Calculate My Analysis In most cases big companies need different tools to evaluate overall performance. For instance, Company X may have supply department which needs logistic solutions, customer support service that need to solve customer’s problems, sales department, HR department and so on. As said above, different business areas have different KPIs. But all your departments should woks as one single whole. Thus, if sales department has imperfections, supply department cannot work 100% of its capacity. If HR department spend money inefficiently and cannot find new employees on time, you will suffer losses which will affect the entire company. Under such conditions, every department or business type should use Balanced Scorecard in its own way in terms of KPIs. Sales department must calculate number of new customers, while contact centre is taking care of first resolution rate (number of calls which solve customer’s problem from the first time). Balanced Scorecard will make you and your employees feel confident as you will be always informed on strengths and weakness of your company. At the same time, Balanced Scorecard will contribute to positive organization climate and help you establish a fair and comprehensive compensation system. Establish certain evaluation periods (for instance once or twice a month) and call overall meeting of the company with representatives of different department. Using Balanced Scorecard you will be able to summarize company performance and make smart decisions as to future development strategy. Of course, you know what to tell a head of logistic department if he always has several unused vehicles in his fleet. And you do know if customers are complaining that call center operators are sometimes incompetent to solve their problems. Balanced Scorecard is your reliable advisor in the changeable world of business. This is a MUST have tool for top managers, head of departments and companies, development managers, quality control specialists etc. 1.  Profitability   its ability to earn income and sustain growth in both short-term and long-term. A companys degree of profitability is usually based on the income statement , which reports on the companys results of operations; 2.  Solvency   its ability to pay its obligation to creditors and other third parties in the long-term; 3.  Liquidity   its ability to maintain positive  cash flow, while satisfying immediate obligations; Both 2 and 3 are based on the companys  balance sheet, which indicates the financial condition of a business as of a given point in time. 4.  Stability the firms ability to remain in business in the long run, without having to sustain significant losses in the conduct of its business. Assessing a companys stability requires the use of both the income statement and the balance sheet, as well as other financial and non-financial indicators. Financial analysts often compare  financial ratio (of  solvency, profitability, growth, etc.): Past Performance   Across historical time periods for the same firm (the last 5 years for example), Future Performance   Using historical figures and certain mathematical and statistical techniques, including present and future values, this extrapolation method is the main source of errors in financial analysis as past statistics can be poor predictors of future prospects. Comparative Performance   Comparison between similar firms. These ratios are calculated by dividing a (group of) account balance(s), taken from the balance sheet and / or the  income statement by another, for example: Net income  / equity =  return on equity  (ROE) Net income / total assets =  return on assets  (ROA) Stock price / earnings per share =  P/E ratio Comparing financial ratios is merely one way of conducting financial analysis.  Financial ratios  face several theoretical challenges: They say little about the firms prospects in an absolute sense. Their insights about relative performance require a reference point from other time periods or similar firms. One ratio holds little meaning. As indicators, ratios can be logically interpreted in at least two ways. One can partially overcome this problem by combining several related ratios to paint a more comprehensive picture of the firms performance. Seasonal factors may prevent year-end values from being representative. A ratios values may be distorted as account balances change from the beginning to the end of an accounting period. Use average values for such accounts whenever possible. Financial ratios are no more objective than the accounting methods employed. Changes in accounting policies or choices can yield drastically different ratio values. They fail to account for exogenous factors like investor behaviour that are not based upon economic fundamentals of the firm or the general economy (fundamental analysis)  [1]. Financial analysts can also use percentage analysis which involves reducing a series of figures as a percentage of some base amounts [2]. For example, a group of items can be expressed as a percentage of net income. When proportionate changes in the same figure over a given time period expressed as a percentage is known as horizontal analysis [3]. Vertical or common-size analysis reduces all items on a statement to a â€Å"common size† as a percentage of some base value which assists in comparability with other companies of different sizes  [4]. Another method is comparative analysis. This provides a better way to determine trends. Comparative analysis presents the same information for two or more time periods and is presented side-by-side to allow for easy analysis.[5]    The Report This report is divided 2 chapters Chapter: 1 Analysis of ratio calculation Profitable ratio:   1.   ROCE:- operating profits / capital employed x 100 2009= 982/4727 x 100 0.208 x 100 20.80% 2008=1718/7289 x 100 0.236 x 100 23.60% Companies can use these figure as a benchmark to see if they are making a good profit. BAE System would conclude that it’s ROCE (%) shows success relative to other firms both 2009 and 2008. However, the fall in the ration between 2009 and 2008 is a sign of a 2.80 % declined. 2. GROSS MARGIN:- gross profit/ sales x 100 2009= 779/ 20374 x 100 0.0382 x 100 3.82 % 2008= 1700/16671 x 100 0.1020 x 100 10.20 % This ratio must be treated with caution, as gross profit in the profit and loss account in sales minus costs. Since all of the overhead are ignored in this calculation, it is not as important a measure of success as net profit.   However, the fall in the ration between 2009 and 2008 is a sign of a 6.38% declined. 3. NET PROFIT:-   net profit / sales x 100 2009 = 982 / 20374 x 100 0.0482 x 100 4.82% 2008 = 1718 / 16671 x 100 0.103 x 100 10.30% The fall in the ration between 2009 and 2008 is a sign of a big declined. 2009 was 4.82 % and 2008 was 10.30 % so different between this two year are 5.48%. 4. ASSETS TRUNOVER:- sales / capital employed 2009 = 20374 / 4727 4.31 2008 = 16671 / 7289 2.29 Expressing the assets turnover ratio as so many times is traditional but the measure would be more meaningful if we called it pounds rather so many times. This ration is going up between 2009 and 2008 is a sign of a slight up. Means it’s up just only 2.02. LIQUIDITY RATIO:   1. CURRENT RATIO :- current assets / current liabilities 2009 = 8788 / 11993 0.73 2008 = 8069 / 10790 0.75 It should be noted that a maximum as well as minimum ratio is recommended. Too many current assets will limit a firm’s ability to purchase the fixed assets that are needed to produce the goods that provide the company’s profits. Consequently, a high current ratio may be an advantage in the short run but will inhibit the long term profitability of the company. Calculation of these ratio gives the result is 2009 and 2008 respectively 0.73 and 0.75 just slight declined. 2. QUICK RATIO(ACID TEST):- Quick assets / Current liabilities  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2009 = 7901 / 11993 0.66 2008 = 7143 / 10790 0.66 The current ratio assumes that stocks and debtors are liquid assets. Firms cannot be certain that their stock will sell quickly, so that Acid test ratio is used as an alternative to the current ratio. The calculation of the Acid test ratio ignores stock in its calculation, considering only cash, bank balance and debtors as a liquid asset. Calculation of these ratio gives the result is 2009 and 2008 no change in this ratio. 3. RECEIVABLE DAYS: receivable / sales x 365   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2009 = 3764 / 20374 x 365 0.185 x 365 68 days 2008 = 3831 / 16671 x 365 0.23 x 365 84 days This is a ratio measuring the average time a companys customers take to pay for purchases, equal to accounts receivable divided by annual sales times 365. In this calculation we can see that this ratio is falling down by 16 bays it’s good signed for company. 4. PAYABLE DAYS: payable / purchase x 365 2009 = 10218 / 20060 x 365 0.57 x 365 186 days 2008 = 9165 / 15386 x 365 0.60 x 365 219 days This is a ratio measuring how long a company is taking to pay its trade creditors. It is calculated as: 365 * Accounts Payables divided by Cost of Goods Sold. In this calculation we can see that this ratio is falling down by 33 bays it’s good signed for company. 5. INVENTORY DAYS: inventory / cost of sales x 365 2009 = 887 / 20060 x 365 0.044 x 365 16 days   Ã‚   2008 = 926 / 15386 x 365 0.060 x 365 22 days This is a ratio measuring the number of days inventory is held. As a general rule, the longer inventory is held, the greater is its risk of not being sold at full value. It is calculated as: 365 * Inventory divided by Cost of Goods Sold  Ã‚  Ã‚   . In this calculation we can see that this ratio is falling down by 6 bays it’s good signed for company. Ratio to measure risk: 1. FINANCIAL GEARING: debt / equity 2009 = 20680 / 4655 4.44 2008 = 18386 / 7234 2.54 Shareholders ought to have the upper hand because if they dont that could cause them problems as follows: Shares earn dividends but in poor years dividends may be zero: that is, businesses dont always need to pay any! Long term liabilities are usually in the form of loans and they have to be paid interest; even in bad years the interest has to be paid Equity shareholders have the voting rights at general meetings and can made significant decisions Long term liability holders dont have any voting rights at general meetings but they have the power to override the wishes of the shareholders if there are severe problems over their interest or capital repayments So, shareholders like to see the gearing ratio, the relationship between long term liabilities and capital employed, being in their favour! A shareholder of company will be unhappy with this result .because the ration is going high 1.90.       2. DIVIDEND COVER: PAT / total dividend   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   2009 = 45 / 573.6   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   0.008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   2008 = 1768 / 518   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3.41    The dividend cover ratio tells us how easily a business can pay its dividend from profits. A high dividend cover means that the company can easily afford to pay the dividend and a low value means that the business might have difficulty paying a dividend. We can see in this calculation it’s fall in very biggest so it’s not a good news for shareholder. 3. INTEREDT COVER: PBIT / interest     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   2009 = 282 / 22   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   12.82   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   2008 = 2371/ 23   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   103.09 The interest cover ratio tells us the safety margin that the business has in terms of being able to meet its interest obligations. That is, a high interest cover ratio means that the business is easily able to meet its interest obligations from profits. Similarly, a low value for the interest cover ratio means that the business is potentially in danger of not being able to meet its interest obligations. Calculation of these ratio gives the result is 2009 and 2008 it’s big fall in this ratio. 4. OPERATING GEARING: fixed costs / variable costs   2009 = 203 / 282 0.72 2008 = 18 / 2371 0.008 Operational gearing is the effect of  fixed cost on the relationship between sales and operating profits. If a company has no operational gearing, then operating profit would rise at the same rate as sales growth (assuming nothing else changed). Operational gearing is simple and important and often neglected. High fixed costs increase operational gearing. Calculation of these ratio gives the result is 2009 and 2008 it’s big rise in this ratio. Conclusion There is a lot to be said for valuing a company, it is no easy task. I hope that we have helped shed some light on this topic, and that you will use this information to make educated investment decisions. If you have any other questions about fundamental analysis please do not hesitate to Contact us. Ratios must not be ignored. They are still an excellent guide to performance. Conclusion should be based on the specific circumstance. In some cases, profitability ratios may be most important measure, but in emergencies, liquidity ration may be more significant. The problems and limitation involved in ration analysis should be borne in mind. References Introduction is available:   Ã‚  Ã‚   baesystems.com/AboutUs/FactSheet/index.htm Balance score card is available:   Ã‚  Ã‚   balancedscorecard.org/BSCResources/AbouttheBalance  Ã‚  Ã‚   dSc  Ã‚  Ã‚   orecard/tabid/55/Default.aspx Key facts: Defense News Annual Ranking, published June 2010 Bob Ryan (2008), financial Accounting for business, 2nd education   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   .uk:   Ã‚  Ã‚   cengage learning college.p. 25-35. John Wolunski and Gwen Coates (2005) A2 Business studies. Kieso, D. E., Weygandt, J. J., Warfield, T. D. (2007). Intermediate   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Accounting (12th Ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, p.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1320  ISBN 0-471-74955-9. Kieso, et al., 2007, p. 1320 Kieso, et al., 2007, p. 1320 Kieso, et al., 2007, p. 1319 Roy Dodge (1997) Foundation of business accounting. NA(2009) Ratio Analysis available.www.bized.co.uk. NA(2009) Ratio Analysis calculation available:www.skymark.com NA(2009) Ratio Analysis conclusion available:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   www.measurebusiness.com www.marketresearch.com NA(2010) about bae system available   Ã‚  Ã‚   :http:en.wikipedia.org.

Strategic Planning Framework Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic Planning Framework - Research Paper Example up to the standards as the company is losing its grip over its market share as well as the position it had achieved earlier in the market based on the quality of its products and services. The two main reasons behind these situations are: 1. High employee turnover rate; 2. Decreased customer satisfaction. Let us discuss these problems in some detail in order to know how these problems are affecting the overall business of the company. 1. High Employee Turnover Rate As Beam (n.d.) states, â€Å"employee turnover is the process of replacing one worker with another for any reason† (p. 1). High employee turnover means that the company is not able to retain its employees. It is a fact that experienced employees yield higher levels of productivity as compared to employees who join the company as fresh employees. The reasons behind high employee turnover ratio are usually improper employee recruitment and lack of a proper incentive plan. When we inquired the managers of NexGen, we ca me to know that they had started hiring less experienced employees in order to cut down the cost of retaining experienced employees. They also took this step as the result of some resignations from their key employees. However, this strategy of the company is proving unsuccessful because new employees are not able to show good performance, and their managers fire them from their jobs after a very short span of time. Another reason that we came to know through analysis was the lack of a proper incentive plan to retain high performing employees. The incentive plan could have motivated the employees to remain associated with the company instead of resigning from their positions. A couple of people who had worked for the company earlier revealed that the company did not use to reward them for their... We would recommend the managers of the company to implement all solutions without any delay if they want to succeed in this current downscale economy. Although the solutions may take some time in proper implementation, the process should be started right away in order to save the company from bearing more loss. For example, the hiring of skilled employees may take a couple of months, but the effects on the company will be long lasting. Similarly, implementation of an incentive plan would need a proper financial analysis. Managers of the company would have to analyze all financial factors before designing the plan in order to save the company from suffering extra costs of developing and implementing the incentive plan. Implementation of a quality management system also needs planning. Managers of the company need to set guidelines and train employees to follow those rules while developing any new product. Introduction of after-sale service plan can be done right away as no time-taking planning is needed to take such steps. The managers just need to hire some outdoor service employees to implement this step.

Offshore oil in gulf of mexico Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Offshore oil in gulf of mexico - Essay Example The original location of the oil industry was off the Louisianan coast. Though at first the production was negligible, it rose steadily such that in the 90’s it was producing around 25% of the world’s gas. The transformation of the offshore oil industry off the Mexican Gulf can be attributed to technological transformations and brisk entrepreneurship. The inventiveness turned the rather deserted Louisiana into a hub of prospering activity in terms of oil production. The industry at first got workers from around Louisiana but later workers came from all over the United States. It can be said that currently Louisiana is a major contributor to the United States’ economy. Consequently, people getting attracted to it were the expectations. After the Second World War, the veterans who came back home too part in the challenge of mining oil from the ocean floor. They were successful and the developing technology is continuously motivating their outcome as improvements to their system are made daily. The offshore mining industry now boasts over 4000 oil platforms that are active and pumping the petroleum to land (Fitzgerald 82). Offshore drilling for oil is quite challenging. Though the mechanism is mostly the same, the fact that this is being carried out miles away from the land makes it unique. The mechanism gets complicated when the sea floor is thousands of feet below sea level. In offshore drilling, artificial platforms have to be built for the drilling purpose. To highlight how complicated the process is, it is imperative to have an insight into the process of drilling in details. The artificial platform, for example, created to provide support for drilling is usually unstable due to water currents and the winds (Lloyd 45). In order to drill effectively in a non stable position, a drilling template is required. It is placed accurately by use of GPS and then a shallow hole is dug where it is cemented to the sea bed. That in place, the accuracy of the drilling is ensured without being hindered by the motion of the platform. A blowout preventer is installed too to prevent any gas from seeping out on the seabed and contaminating the water, just like in onshore mining. The rigs in this case have to be economized; there are movable rigs that are used solely for exploration because they are less expensive than the permanent ones placed after the oil deposits have been found. The whole offshore process is based on low cost production with a maximized profit but with utmost concern being environmental safety. However, environment safety in cases of offshore oil drilling has raised a lot of controversies (Fitzgerald 82). Though the oil mining along the Mexican gulf is economically beneficial, it significantly contributes to environmental degradation. Several critics have pointed out that off shore mining is not only dangerous but also risky. The industry has set up several safety policies but they are highly doubtable considering the explosions and oil rig accidents. For instance, in 2010, there was an explosion in one of the rigs that killed eleven people and left oil gushing at an estimated five thousand barrels per day. This oil spill with such intensity outdid its income by the damage it caused on the fisheries (Lloyd 45). The environment is the foremost thing that should be consider when taking part in any entrepreneurial activity. The question that has

A Brief Introduction about the growth of the USA as a Superpower Essay Example for Free

A Brief Introduction about the growth of the USA as a Superpower Essay After the end of World War-II, two allies the USA and the erstwhile USSR fought bitterly for supremacy. The power struggle between these countries witnessed the involvement of more nations, which started a cold war. Ideologically, the USA and the USSR were completely different. While the USA was a capitalist country, the USSR was a communist nation. This ideological difference was one of the prime reasons for the conflict between these two major powers as the USA always fought against communism. Cold War, which started in 1945, ended with the disintegration of USSR. After the collapse of Soviet Union, there was no competitor left to challenge the USA. The power and influence of the USA grew further and it became the unchallenged superpower. There was no other country that could match the USA in terms of military, economic and political strength. As a major donor to the United Nations, it gained the authority in all-important matters. The first display of the power of the USA came in 1990-91 in the Gulf War. Protesting against the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, the USA and its allies attacked Iraq. The attack got the approval of the United Nations. The US attack was spearheaded by then President George Bush Senior. Ultimately, the war ended with the complete withdrawal of Iraqi forces from Kuwait. The Gulf War demonstrated the power and influence of the USA in the global arena and it opened a new chapter in the world history. Bill Clinton succeeded George Bush Senior as the President of the USA. Under his rule, there were significant developments in the US policies and it played a major role in finding a solution to most of the conflicting issues like Palestine issue and Indo-Pak conflict. George W Bush as the President of the USA After Bill Clinton’s term expired, George W Bush, son of the former President George Bush Senior, became the President of the USA in 2001. Prior to his Presidency, he served as the Governor of the Texas. He was always known for his conservative and hard-core policies, which earned him a lot of reputation. His election to the highest office of the Unites States was certain to bring major changes in the US policy towards to rest of the world. After taking the reigns of a great nation, Bush concentrated on internal issues to build a new strong and prosperous nation, which can stand against the odds. See more: introduction paragraph example Nation building was his first priority and he took certain measures on Security, Education, Health and welfare schemes to provide equal opportunities to all Americans. As a Republican, it was expected that George Bush will follow different yardsticks and will reverse the policies implemented by his predecessor Bill Clinton, a Democrat. It was feared that foreign policy of the USA will be changed and some countries might face the wrath of the USA for not following the principles set by it. But it was never expected that Bush would influence the geo-political situation in the world to such a great extent. 9/11, Attack on WTC The fateful morning of September 11, 2001 brought a significant change in the world politics. Two US Airline Planes hijacked by the terrorists hit the WTC towers in New York City. The explosion rocked not only the USA, but also the whole world. Initially, nobody understood what happened. But within minutes it was clear that terrorists successfully attacked the most powerful nation in the world, making a dent in its strong security system. Thousands of people died as the twin towers were razed to the ground. Another plane hit the Pentagon, which is the defence headquarter of the USA. A fourth plane which was supposed to hit the White House was crashed near Shanksville. Planes hitting the WTC tower and flames coming out of the building were telecasted all over the world. This incident shook the basic foundation of the Unites States of which it always boasted. Surprisingly, there was no trace of President George Bush during such a crisis. The whole world was looking for him to know his reaction. But he was busy in a school in Florida in a photo-op. At a later stage, he was criticised heavily for his failure to react to the tragedy immediately. â€Å"The attack was the most lethal ever experienced by the USA. Official death toll was almost 3000, which was the highest casualty in the US history. September 11 attack was the most significant in the history of the world. It changed the world in terms of economic, social and military aspects and the one man who took the charge to declare a war against terrorism was President George W Bush. † Reeling under criticism for his delayed response to such a tragedy, President Bush addressed the nation exactly 12 hours after the attacks were carried out. He declared, â€Å"Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of America. These acts shattered steel, but they cannot dent the steel of American resolve. † With this, he declared a war on terrorism and urged the world to join him. Al Qaeda hand in the WTC Attack The investigation made by the US Intelligence Bureau revealed that the terrorists who carried out the attacks were Arab nationals and the militant group ‘Al Qaeda’ which was headed by Osama Bin Laden trained them. Osama Bin Laden was exiled from Saudi Arabia and was living in Afghanistan, which was ruled by the Taliban Militia. He had developed a good rapport with the Taliban and Pakistan’s Secret Service, ISI. â€Å"Ironically, it was the same Laden who received full support from the USA to fight against the Soviet troops during the Cold War when Afghanistan was occupied by the USSR. The USA provided military and financial support to the groups headed by Bin Laden and Taliban, which indulged in guerrilla fighting. But within a decade, situation became completely different. Laden and the fundamentalists who supported him were angered by the US support to Israel over Palestine issue and economic sanctions imposed by the USA against Iraq and Afghanistan. US policies towards Iraq and other Islamic countries made them believe that the USA is the worst enemy of the Muslims. Such hatred feelings made them declare a ‘Jihad’ (Holy War) against the United States. † Analysis of the relationship between the Taliban and Al Qaeda â€Å"The USA warned the Taliban several times in the past against harbouring the terrorists on its soil. When the Taliban did not heed to its advice, the then Clinton administration imposed tough economic sanction against Afghanistan. After George Bush came to power, he extended the sanctions against Taliban for its continuing support to the terrorist Osama Bin Laden. This angered the Islamic militants further and they made strategies to cause more damage to the United States. † In the words of Robert Baer, Terrorist campaigns arent directed just against the enemy. They are campaigns of recruitment as well, and by demonizing bin Laden, by holding him up as the master-mind of the attacks and as the arch-enemy, we have assured that the disillusioned, the angry, the desperate young men of the Muslim world will flock to his cause, whether hes dead or alive to lead it. And yes, there are more men like that than we could ever count. After the September 11 attack, the USA realised that it has to take strong measures to tackle with terrorists who found a safe haven in Afghanistan. It is the USA, which is completely responsible for the growth of ‘Taliban’ and ‘Al Qaeda’ in Afghanistan. To weaken the Soviet Union, it always provided financial and military support to these groups. But at the later stage, they emerged as the dangerous enemies of the USA. The Taliban controlled 90 per cent of Afghanistan and was advancing to control the rest of the areas, which were controlled by its rival groups. The growing influence of the Taliban became a major concern for the US. War against Taliban and Osama Bin Laden The USA asked the Taliban to stop harbouring terrorists, destroy all the terrorist camps and hand over the dreaded militants including Osama Bin Laden to the US administration. As expected, Taliban refused to yield to the pressure of the United States and vowed to fight back if the USA attacks Afghanistan. On its war against the Taliban regime in Afghanistan, the USA made some surprise alliances. Russia, against whom the USA used the Taliban, joined the USA on its assault against the same forces. Two former Soviet countries, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan also joined the USA. India, which was bitten by the diplomacy of the Taliban in the Kandahar hijack issue, offered its unconditional support to the United States. It was decided that while the US and Russia will fight the Taliban from the front with the help of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, India and Iran will play the role of â€Å"facilitator† by offering logistic support to the Northern Alliance of Afghanistan which always fought against the Taliban rule. The US held meetings and consultations with Russian and Indian delegations to make a clear-cut strategy on the war against the Taliban. The Northern Alliance led by Ahmed Shah Masood had a strong base in the Panjsher valley. India supplied high warfare equipments and provided tactical advice to Ahmed Shah Masood in the operation against the Taliban. Finally, the USA started bombarding the terrorist camps and key Taliban installations in Afghanistan. Russia, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan joined the USA in the operation. While the USA continued its assault in the Taliban controlled areas, the Northern Alliance made its advance from the frontier. The US attack on Afghanistan has created a new problem for the neighbouring countries Pakistan, Iran and Turkmenistan. Thousands of refugees from Afghanistan tried to cross the borders. When these countries closed their borders fearing a heavy refugee exodus, it led to a refugee crisis in South Asia. As the war gets thicker, the power and strength of the Taliban Militia waned. Either they surrendered, got killed or hide in the mountains. Taliban leader Mulla Mohammad Omar and Al Qaeda leader, Osama Bin Laden went into hiding. The Northern Alliance backed by the US reached Kabul and captured the city. Though the Taliban fighters made a retreat into the hills, they continued their guerrilla warfare. To counter their attack, the US troops engaged in the cleansing operation and searched though every village and corners to drag out the Taliban fighters. The battles of Tora Bora and Shah-I-Kot have seen the Taliban forces and Al Qaeda completely routed and running for safer places. Though the Taliban and Al Qaeda were routed, it did not show any seriousness to capture their leaders Mulla Mohammad Omar and Osama Bin Laden. As these leaders were not captured, it gave the USA enough reason to say that it had to stay in Afghanistan to stop the regrouping of Taliban and Al Qaeda forces. The Bush administration was always seen as a war-mongering one. It always tried to display its military and economic strength to the world in order to become a supreme power. It was believed that the 9/11 attacks were just used an excuse to implement its own political agenda and establish its control over all parts of the world. The USA had two rival powers, Russia and China. To resist these countries from advancing further and to keep a close watch on their movements, it needed a strong base in South Asia, from where it will be easy to monitor both the countries at the same time. Opportunity came in the form of 9/11 and Bush lost no time in seizing it. George Bush proved himself as a shrewd diplomat. By attacking the Taliban, he succeeded in curbing the dissent at home and at the same time he expanded the US military base abroad. By declaring a war on terrorism, he garnered support from the countries like Russia, India and others who were facing the menace of terrorism for a long time. He successfully exploited the public sentiments aftermath of 9/11 to fulfil global economic and military aims of American imperialism. The Bush Doctrine Under the leadership of George Bush, the USA changed its military doctrine from a policy of deterrence into a strategy of striking at the countries that threaten its interests. This doctrine, called as the ‘Bush Doctrine’ was formally adopted by the USA in September 2002. The US military and political community always considered adopting the idea of pre-emptive strikes. The Bush Doctrine has made it possible now. It was mentioned clearly that the USA would no longer allow any country to question the US military supremacy, as it happened during the Cold War era. The doctrine emphasised that the USA has the responsibility to maintain peace in the world by suppressing the rogue countries and terrorists. It also clearly stated that the US would never compromise on its national interests. It is believed beyond doubt that George Bush started implementing the new military doctrine even before it was officially adopted. It began before 9/11 and the terrorist attacks strengthened his hands to make it official. Bushs Iraq Policy The USA for decades intended to play an active role in the Gulf Region. It eyed the huge oil fields in the Iraq, which will boost its economy. Bush also felt it necessary to build up a permanent base in the Gulf region to tackle the Islamic countries like Iran and Syria and curb the Islamic fundamentalism against the USA. According to some startling revelations, George Bush planned to invade Iraq to ensure a regime change even before assuming power in January 2001. After being elected as the President of the USA, his first priority was to overthrow the Saddam Hussein regime in Iraq. As a continuation of American policy, George Bush enforced economic sanctions against Iraq and also forced the UN to do so. The United Nations imposed stringent economic sanction against Iraq to bring it to the negotiating table and to make the Saddam regime co-operate with the UN Inspectors as a process of disarmament. Gulf War-II â€Å"The first thing Bush did was to win the support of a major power, Britain. Britain’s Prime Minister, Tony Blair offered unconditional support to the USA in its plan for a regime change in Iraq. To settle the unresolved Iraq issue, Bush tried to influence the United Nations to muster full support of all the major countries in the world. To substantiate his claim for action against Iraq, he told the world that Iraq possesses weapons of mass destruction and they should be destroyed completely. † The USA tried to make the UN believe that Iraq had deadly chemical and biological weapons. The UN Security Council unanimously passed a resolution (1441) to disarm Iraq. Under pressure from the United Nations, Saddam Hussein agreed to allow UN observers to search for weapons of mass destruction and destroy them. With Iraq accepting the UN Security Council resolution, special UN observers arrived in Iraq in November 2002 and began their work. A fortnight later, Iraq provided a 12,000-page declaration of its WMD programme. â€Å"The declaration maintained that Iraq had no weapons of mass destruction. For four months, The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and U. N. Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) searched extensively for the WMDs, but could not come up with any evidence to support the USA claim that Iraq possesses such deadly weapons. † But the Bush administration was not ready to believe this. It pointed towards some sources to suggest that Iraq was still continuing its weapons programme secretly. It cited several instances where Iraq had reportedly carried out tests on chemical and biological weapons. It is still unclear where the US got such reports. But these reports helped Bush to mislead the world on Iraq. The USA and the UK joined hands to use force against Iraq. To further strengthen their point, they declared that Iraq had links with the terrorist groups like Al Qaeda, which masterminded the 9/11 attack. It was not easy to get UN Security Council’s nod to attack a sovereign country arbitrarily. But Saddam’s stubbornness and unwillingness to agree to the demands of the UN made their job easier. Iraqi President Saddam Hussein had a tough attitude towards the west. He suppressed his rivals ruthlessly. Thousands of people were killed during Saddam’s rule. Mass graves discovered after the war revealed about the atrocities carried out by him and his troops. On 17 March 2003, George Bush demanded that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and his two sons Uday and Qusay leave Iraq within the 48-hour deadline. Saddam Hussein was quick to denounce the US deadline. The next day US office spokesperson announced that the US would invade Iraq whether Saddam Hussein leaves or not. After the expiry of 48-hour deadline, Bush ordered to launch the attack on the key targets of Iraq. The coalition forces comprising of the USA and the UK invaded Iraq with ground and air strikes. Iraq fought back bravely with Saddam addressing the Iraqi people, Those who are believers will be victorious. In these decisive days, the enemy tried not using missiles and fighter jets as they did before. This time they sent their infantry troops. This time they have come to invade and occupy your land. After three weeks of intense fight, the Saddam regime in Baghdad collapsed and Saddam and his key aides disappeared from the city. The coalition forces led by the USA captured Baghdad and Bush announced the ‘freedom’ for the Iraqi people. After the collapse of Saddam regime, there was anarchy all over Iraq. Looting and theft took place in large numbers. It was a tough task for the Bush administration to bring the situation under control. It had to restore peace and normalcy and rebuild the war-ravaged nation which was its own doing. Later Saddam’s sons Uday and Qusay were killed and Saddam was captured. A democratically elected government was formed in Iraq. But the war against the US forces continued by the fundamentalist groups. After the defeat of Saddam Hussein, the USA and other UN agencies searched every part of Iraq to locate the so-called â€Å"weapons of mass destructions†. But they could not find a single piece of such weapons. It became clear to the world that the WMDs never existed. When asked why the US went into war in Iraq, Bush said, He retained the knowledge, the materials, the means and the intent to produce weapons of mass destruction and could have passed this knowledge to our terrorist enemies. Most of the members of the Security Council and the UN Secretary General himself, strongly opposed the US attack on Iraq. For instance, French President Jacques Chirac said that an attack could only be justified if it were decided on by the Security Council, and German Chancellor Gerhard Schroder said there would be no support in Germany for a strike without approval of the United Nations. It was believed that the USA violated the International law by attacking Iraq without the approval of UN Security Council. But defying the international mood, George Bush attacked Iraq causing chaos and devastation. He forced the country into a civil war, which is still going on. Surprisingly, neither the UN nor the anti-war groups in the world could take any action against the global hegemony of the USA. George Bush successfully manoeuvred the situation and was sworn in for a second term in 2005, proving all his critics wrong. Michael Byers, Associate Professor at Duke University of Law commented on the Bush Doctrine, â€Å"The policy was aimed at ‘effectively closing down dangerous regimes before they become imminent threats’ and thus represented a usurpation of the Security Council’s role in global affairs. † US Mediation in the Middle East Peace Process â€Å"Middle East was a part of Bush’s foreign policy. The conflict between Israel and Palestine was a stumbling block for the peace and prosperity in the Middle East region. For years, the USA supported Israel in its crusade against the Palestinians. Initially, Bush showed no interest to facilitate the peace process to find a peaceful settlement to the Israel-Palestine conflict. However, later he realised that the USA had to play a bigger role to stay active in the region. † Palestine leader, Yasser Arafat was a stubborn man and he did not intend to make any concession to Israel. As a result, all the dialogues between the two parties failed without any conclusion. However, the situation took an interesting turn with the death of Yasser Arafat. A new moderate government under the leadership of Mahmoud Abbas assumed power in Palestine. Bush found it easy to deal with the new incumbent and he prevailed on Israeli Prime Minister, Ariel Sharon to withdraw troops from the controversial Gaza Strip, which was seen as a revolutionary step for the peace in the region. Economic Policy of George Bush Economy was always in Bush’s mind to make America stronger and more powerful on the world forum. Two goals have guided Bush administration’s economic policy, i. e. , increasing economic growth and improving economic stability. The economic impact of 9/11 attacks has made the goals more challenging for George Bush. President Bush emphasised on three factors, i. e. , military, political and economic progress. The US economy was the largest in the world and it always influenced the decisions at the UN and IMF by providing the maximum financial support to these bodies. â€Å"The importance of international economic policy increased under Bush Doctrine. It was visible when Bush ordered to block all the financial accounts of the terrorist groups in the United States to cut off their main supply line. † Impact of the Bush Doctrine on the geo-political scenario of the world â€Å"Bush Doctrine changed the geo-political situation of the world to a great extent. Bush was always condemned as shrewd, warmonger and an oppressor by the world community. He displayed the might of the USA to the world at the cost of agony and suffering of the innocent people. People of America may have forgiven him by electing him for a second term, but history will never forgive him for his high-handedness and stubbornness, which devastated Afghanistan and Iraq beyond repair. † Bush’s arrogant and egoistic approach was seen in his statement after 9/11, Every nation, in every region, now has a decision to make. Either you are with us, or you are with the terrorists. If we analyse the chronologies starting from Afghanistan to Iraq, it can be easily concluded that Bush played with the lives of innocent people for his personal gains and to settle the scores with his rivals. He always tried to show the world that nobody could ignore the United States even if the issue was related to the internal affairs of any country. He shattered the UN policy of non-interference in the internal matter of any sovereign nation. In the whole process, his action has raised serious questions on the necessity and validity of the United Nations, which became a mere puppet in the hands of the Unites States. His policies towards Afghanistan, Taliban, Iraq and Palestine clearly proved that he had a single point agenda, i. e. , to fulfil his personal ambitions by playing the role of Global Police. The consequences of the attack on Afghanistan and Iraq are visible from the causalities reported from those countries every alternate day. The destruction and chaos in these countries are far from over. One man who is responsible for this human tragedy is George W Bush. History will always remember George Bush for his destructive doctrine, which was written on the bloods of the innocent people. Bibliography BOOKS Ali, Tariq. Bush In Babylon: The Recolonisation of Iraq. New York: Verso, 2003. Aronowitz, Stanley; and Heather Gautney, Ed. Implicating Empire: Globalization Resistance in the 21st Century World Order. New York: Basic Books/Perseus Books, 2003. Carroll, James. Crusade: Chronicles of an Unjust War. New York: Henry Holt Company, 2004. Chomsky, Noam. Hegemony or Survival: Americas Quest for Global Dominance. New York: Henry Holt Company, 2003. Clarke, Richard. Against All Enemies: Inside Americas War on Terror. New York: Free Press, 2004. Coll, Steve. Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, From the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001. New York: Penguin Press, 2004. Everest, Larry. Oil, Power Empire: Iraq and the U. S. Global Agenda. ME: Common Courage Press, 2004. Khalidi, Rashid. Resurrecting Empire: Western Footprints and Americas Perilous Path in the Middle East. Beacon, 2004. Nojumi, Neamatollah. The Rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan: Mass Mobilization, Civil War, and the Future of the Region. New York: Palgrave/St. Martins Press, 2001. INTERNET SOURCES Keen, Judy. â€Å"Strain of Iraq war showing on Bush, those who know him say. † USA TODAY. 02 April 2003. 01 June 2005 http://www. usatoday. com/news/washington/2003-04-01-bush-cover_x. htm. Shah, Anup. â€Å"The Bush Doctrine of Pre-emptive Strikes; A Global Pax Americana†. Global Issues. 24 April 2004. 01 June 2005 http://www. globalissues. org/Geopolitics/Empire/Bush. asp.